# Classification - Random Forest

This page is available for practice as an interactive jupyter notebook. Random Forests use several decision trees to classify objects based on specific features. In this exercise you should determine 3D features for every pixel of a depth image generated by a Microsoft Kinect v2. In the next step, every pixel shall be assigned to a specific class using these features.

### Label Ground Truth

We need training data for our random forest. Therefore we will label data manually. Open the file depthImage_gt.png in an image editor (like paint). Color following classes in the image:

# imports
from plyfile import PlyData
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import svd
import math
from sklearn.neighbors import KDTree

# Hier we need the code from the last assignment.
# This is good place to load label and map them to points.
def depth_to_vector(img, img_gt, f=365.5953, cx=260.1922, cy=209.5835):
""" Converts depth raster to 3D coordinates

img: 2D Raster with depth values stored at each cell
img_gt: 2D Raster with 4 channels the first 3 of the are R G B. May the 4th channel be ignored
by you.
f: Focal distance
(cx, cy): center point

class ids no_class: 0, person: 1, wall: 2, ceiling: 3, table: 4

return: numpy array of 4d vectors x, y, z and the class id.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
return points



## Feature implementation

We calculate features for a set of points $P \in \mathbb{R}^{3\times}$. Minimal size of the set should be $4$. All features are based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the matrix $P^TP$. The eigenvalues can be used to compute linearity, planarity and scattering. The normal vector and standard deviation of a local plane can be computed same as in pca algorithm.

def tensor(points):
'''Calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors of P^TP
points: set of points

return eigenvalues, eigenvectors (ordered)
'''
raise NotImplementedError()

def linearity(l):
''' calculate lineratiry based on eigenvalues
l: ordered eigenvalues

return linearity

'''
raise NotImplementedError()

def planarity(l):
''' calculate planarity based on eigenvalues
l: ordered eigenvalues

return planarity

'''
raise NotImplementedError()

def scattering(l):
''' calculate scattering based on eigenvalues
l: ordered eigenvalues

return scattering

'''
raise NotImplementedError()

def calc_feat(vectors, r):
'''
vectors: numpy array of 4d points x, y, z and the class id.
r: radius for the feature calculation

return numpy array of 4+5d vectors inputvector with 4 elements + 5 feature values
'''
raise NotImplementedError()
return vectors


# Application

Apply the implemented methods.

## Feature

Determine the following features for every colored pixel: linear, planar and volumetric elements, normal vector in z direction, standard deviation of a local plane, height. Choose a suitable value for the radius of the neighborhood and justify your decision in the report. These features are later used to assign every pixel to a specific class.

img = imread('depthImage.png')


# Change this part if your implementation is different
the_vectors = depth_to_vector(img, img_gt)
feat = calc_feat(the_vectors, 25) # calculate Features for all points
feat = feat.astype(np.float32) # cast whole array to float32
feat = feat[~np.isinf(feat).any(axis=1)] # remove infinit values
feat = feat[~np.isnan(feat).any(axis=1)] # remove NaNs

#Split points int train set with known classes.
train = feat[feat[:,3]!= 0,:]
predict = feat[feat[:,3]== 0,:]

# Use RandomForestClassifier from sklearn
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
raise NotImplementedError()

import ipyvolume.pylab as ply
def plot_points(points, prediction):
colors = np.empty((prediction.shape[0],3))
colors[prediction == 0,:] = np.array((0,0,0))
colors[prediction == 1,:] = np.array((255,0,0))
colors[prediction == 2,:] = np.array((0,0,255))
colors[prediction == 3,:] = np.array((255,255,0))
colors[prediction == 4,:] = np.array((0,255,0))
ply.clear()
ply.scatter(points[:,0], points[:,1], points[:,2], size=0.5, color=colors)
ply.show()


## Visulization

Visualize your results. You may use the plot_points function

# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()


# Results

Describe the results. How could you improve them? How could you quantize the performance of the classification? How could you measurer the generalization capability of your classifier. Test different radii for the feature calculation and compare the results.